CÁC QUY ĐỊNH GHI NHÃN DINH DƯỠNG CỦA CÁC NƯỚC TRÊN THẾ GIỚI VÀ TẠI VIỆT NAM
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
Mục tiêu: Bài thông tin này tổng quan về các chính sách ghi nhãn dinh dưỡng đã được triển khai trên thế giới, đồng thời phân tích tác động của chính sách này đối với hành vi tiêu dùng và sức khỏe cộng đồng. Bài báo cũng đề xuất các hướng đi và giải pháp cho Việt Nam trong việc triển khai hiệu quả chính sách ghi nhãn dinh dưỡng.
Phương pháp: Tổng quan tài liệu hệ thống. Các nguồn dữ liệu được thu thập từ PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, và các tài liệu quốc tế về chính sách ghi nhãn dinh dưỡng. Quá trình đánh giá và trích xuất dữ liệu có tiêu chuẩn lựa chọn và loại trừ.
Kết quả: Có nhiều loại nhãn thực phẩm đang được áp dụng trên thế giới. Các nghiên cứu cho thấy ghi nhãn dinh dưỡng giúp thay đổi hành vi tiêu dùng, mua thực phẩm tốt hơn cho sức khoẻ. Ngoài ra, chính sách ghi nhãn cũng khuyến khích các nhà sản xuất cải thiện thành phần sản phẩm, nhất là giảm hàm lượng natri và chất béo chuyển hóa. Những nước áp dụng chính sách ghi nhãn đã có sự cải thiện trong việc kiểm soát các bệnh không lây nhiễm. Nhãn dinh dưỡng cần phải có tính trực quan, dễ hiểu, dễ nắm bắt với đa số người dân.
Kết luận: Chính sách ghi nhãn dinh dưỡng đã cho thấy hiệu quả rõ rệt trong việc cải thiện sức khỏe cộng đồng và thay đổi hành vi tiêu dùng tại các quốc gia phát triển. Việt Nam có thể học hỏi từ những mô hình này, đồng thời cần triển khai đồng bộ các biện pháp giáo dục dinh dưỡng và giám sát để tối ưu hóa hiệu quả của chính sách ghi nhãn dinh dưỡng.
Chi tiết bài viết
Từ khóa
Ghi nhãn dinh dưỡng, sức khoẻ cộng đồng, hành vi tiêu dùng, chính sách y tế, việt nam
Tài liệu tham khảo
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2. Aune, D., et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. International Journal of Epidemiology 2017. 46(3): p. 1029-1056.
3. Madruga, M., et al., Trends in food consumption according to the degree of food processing among the UK population over 11 years. British Journal of Nutrition, 2023. 130(3): p. 476-483.
4. Machado, P.P., et al., Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity in the Australian adult population. Nutrition in Diabetes, 2020. 10(1): p. 39.
5. Popkin, B.M., et al., Towards unified and impactful policies to reduce ultra-processed food consumption and promote healthier eating. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology, 2021. 9(7): p. 462-470.
6. Scarborough, P., et al., The preventable risk integrated ModEl and its use to estimate the health impact of public health policy scenarios. Scientifica, 2014. 2014(1): p. 748750.
7. Maruyama, M. and L.V. Trung, Supermarkets in Vietnam: Opportunities and obstacles. Asian Economic Journal, 2007. 21(1): p. 19-46.
8. Harris, J., et al., Nutrition transition in Vietnam: changing food supply, food prices, household expenditure, diet and nutrition outcomes. Food Security, 2020. 12(5): p. 1141-1155.
9. Thang, N.M. and B. Popkin, Patterns of food consumption in Vietnam: effects on socioeconomic groups during an era of economic growth. European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004. 58(1): p. 145-153.
10. Pham, T.T.P., et al., Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Hanoi, Vietnam. BMC Public Health, 2019. 19(1).
11. Hoàng Thị Đức Ngàn, et al., Thực trạng tiêu thụ thức ăn nhanh và đồ uống trước và trong dịch covid-19 ở những người 15-25 tuổi tại vùng nông thôn và thành thị thành phố Hà Nội. Tạp chí DD & TP, 2021. 17(1): p. 1-8.
12. Ngoc, N.B., Z.L. Lin, and W. Ahmed, Diabetes: What Challenges Lie Ahead for Vietnam? Ann Glob Health, 2020. 86(1): p. 1.
13. Organization, W.H., Manual to develop and implement front‑of‑pack nutrition labelling. 2020, World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe.
14. Nations, F.a.A.O.o.t.U., Food Labelling (Codex Alimentarius) - Fifth Edition, ed. FAO. 2007, Rome, Italy: FAO/WHO. 51.
15. World Health, O., Global nutrition policy review 2016-2017: country progress in creating enabling policy environments for promoting healthy diets and nutrition. 2018, Geneva: World Health Organization.
16. Moreira, M.J., et al., Consumer knowledge about food labeling and fraud. Foods, 2021. 10(5): p. 1095.
17. International, W.C.R.F., Building momentum: lessons on implementing a robust front-of-pack food label. World Cancer Research Fund International, 2019.
18. Grunert, K.G. and J.M. Wills, A review of European research on consumer response to nutrition information on food labels. Journal of public health, 2007. 15: p. 385-399.
19. Feunekes, G.I., et al., Front-of-pack nutrition labelling: testing effectiveness of different nutrition labelling formats front-of-pack in four European countries. Appetite, 2008. 50(1): p. 57-70.
20. Pettigrew, S., et al., A review of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in Southeast Asia: Industry interference, lessons learned, and future directions. The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia, 2022. 3.
21. Dumoitier, A., et al., A review of nutrition labeling and food choice in the United States. Obesity science & practice, 2019. 5(6): p. 581-591.
22. Edalati, S., et al., Development and implementation of nutrition labelling in Iran: A retrospective policy analysis. The International journal of health planning and management, 2020. 35(1): p. e28-e44.
23. Bahar, S., Health behavior: Emerging research perspectives. 2013.
24. Chiba, T., Food Labeling Systems in Japan: Nutrition and Health Claims Current Status and Issues on Nutrition Labeling System in Each Region (SY (T6) 19). Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2022. 68(Supplement): p. S101-S103.
25. An, R., et al., Effect of front-of-package nutrition labeling on food purchases: a systematic review. Public Health, 2021. 191: p. 59-67.
26. Thow, A.M., et al., Increasing the public health voice in global decision-making on nutrition labelling. Globalization and Health, 2020. 16(1): p. 3.
27. Shangguan, S., et al., A Meta-Analysis of Food Labeling Effects on Consumer Diet Behaviors and Industry Practices. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019. 56(2): p. 300-314.
28. Cecchini, M. and L. Warin, Impact of food labelling systems on food choices and eating behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. Obes Rev, 2016. 17(3): p. 201-10.
29. Viola, G.C., et al., Are Food Labels Effective as a Means of Health Prevention? J Public Health Res, 2016. 5(3): p. 768.
30. Fichera, E. and S. von Hinke, The response to nutritional labels: Evidence from a quasi-experiment. Journal of Health Economics, 2020. 72: p. 102326.
31. Ni Mhurchu, C., et al., Effects of interpretive nutrition labels on consumer food purchases: the Starlight randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017. 105(3): p. 695-704.
32. Taillie, L.S., et al., Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools: a before and after study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2021. 5(8): p. e526-e533.
33. Deschasaux, M., et al., Nutritional quality of food as represented by the FSAm-NPS nutrient profiling system underlying the Nutri-Score label and cancer risk in Europe: Results from the EPIC prospective cohort study. PLoS Med, 2018. 15(9): p. e1002651.
34. Egnell, M., et al., Impact of the Nutri-Score front-of-pack nutrition label on purchasing intentions of individuals with chronic diseases: results of a randomised trial. BMJ Open, 2022. 12(8): p. e058139.
35. Ganderats-Fuentes, M. and S. Morgan, Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling and Its Impact on Food Industry Practices: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Nutrients, 2023. 15(11).
36. van der Bend, D.L., et al., The influence of a front-of-pack nutrition label on product reformulation: A ten-year evaluation of the Dutch Choices programme. Food chemistry: X, 2020. 6: p. 100086.
37. Morrison, H., N. Meloncelli, and F.E. Pelly, Nutritional quality and reformulation of a selection of children's packaged foods available in Australian supermarkets: Has the Health Star Rating had an impact? Nutrition & dietetics, 2019. 76(3): p. 296-304.
38. Bablani, L., et al., The impact of voluntary front-of-pack nutrition labelling on packaged food reformulation: A difference-in-differences analysis of the Australasian Health Star Rating scheme. PLoS Med, 2020. 17(11): p. e1003427.
39. Corvalán, C., et al., The impact of the Chilean law on food labelling on the food production sector. 2021.
40. Barahona, N., C. Otero, and S. Otero, Equilibrium effects of food labeling policies. Econometrica, 2023. 91(3): p. 839-868.
41. Alimentarius, C., Codex standard. Rome, Food Agriculture Organization, 2011: p. 33-198.
42. Hassan, L.M., E.M. Shiu, and N. Michaelidou, The influence of nutrition information on choice: The roles of temptation, conflict and self‐control. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2010. 44(3): p. 499-515.
43. Baumeister, R.F., Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior. Journal of consumer Research, 2002. 28(4): p. 670-676.
44. Loewenstein, G., C.R. Sunstein, and R. Golman, Disclosure: Psychology changes everything. Annu. Rev. Econ., 2014. 6(1): p. 391-419.
45. Feng, W. and A. Fox, Menu labels, for better, and worse? Exploring socio-economic and race-ethnic differences in menu label use in a national sample. Appetite, 2018. 128: p. 223-232.
46. Fox, A.M. and C.R. Horowitz, Best practices in policy approaches to obesity prevention. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 2013. 24(2): p. 168-192.
2. Aune, D., et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. International Journal of Epidemiology 2017. 46(3): p. 1029-1056.
3. Madruga, M., et al., Trends in food consumption according to the degree of food processing among the UK population over 11 years. British Journal of Nutrition, 2023. 130(3): p. 476-483.
4. Machado, P.P., et al., Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity in the Australian adult population. Nutrition in Diabetes, 2020. 10(1): p. 39.
5. Popkin, B.M., et al., Towards unified and impactful policies to reduce ultra-processed food consumption and promote healthier eating. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology, 2021. 9(7): p. 462-470.
6. Scarborough, P., et al., The preventable risk integrated ModEl and its use to estimate the health impact of public health policy scenarios. Scientifica, 2014. 2014(1): p. 748750.
7. Maruyama, M. and L.V. Trung, Supermarkets in Vietnam: Opportunities and obstacles. Asian Economic Journal, 2007. 21(1): p. 19-46.
8. Harris, J., et al., Nutrition transition in Vietnam: changing food supply, food prices, household expenditure, diet and nutrition outcomes. Food Security, 2020. 12(5): p. 1141-1155.
9. Thang, N.M. and B. Popkin, Patterns of food consumption in Vietnam: effects on socioeconomic groups during an era of economic growth. European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004. 58(1): p. 145-153.
10. Pham, T.T.P., et al., Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Hanoi, Vietnam. BMC Public Health, 2019. 19(1).
11. Hoàng Thị Đức Ngàn, et al., Thực trạng tiêu thụ thức ăn nhanh và đồ uống trước và trong dịch covid-19 ở những người 15-25 tuổi tại vùng nông thôn và thành thị thành phố Hà Nội. Tạp chí DD & TP, 2021. 17(1): p. 1-8.
12. Ngoc, N.B., Z.L. Lin, and W. Ahmed, Diabetes: What Challenges Lie Ahead for Vietnam? Ann Glob Health, 2020. 86(1): p. 1.
13. Organization, W.H., Manual to develop and implement front‑of‑pack nutrition labelling. 2020, World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe.
14. Nations, F.a.A.O.o.t.U., Food Labelling (Codex Alimentarius) - Fifth Edition, ed. FAO. 2007, Rome, Italy: FAO/WHO. 51.
15. World Health, O., Global nutrition policy review 2016-2017: country progress in creating enabling policy environments for promoting healthy diets and nutrition. 2018, Geneva: World Health Organization.
16. Moreira, M.J., et al., Consumer knowledge about food labeling and fraud. Foods, 2021. 10(5): p. 1095.
17. International, W.C.R.F., Building momentum: lessons on implementing a robust front-of-pack food label. World Cancer Research Fund International, 2019.
18. Grunert, K.G. and J.M. Wills, A review of European research on consumer response to nutrition information on food labels. Journal of public health, 2007. 15: p. 385-399.
19. Feunekes, G.I., et al., Front-of-pack nutrition labelling: testing effectiveness of different nutrition labelling formats front-of-pack in four European countries. Appetite, 2008. 50(1): p. 57-70.
20. Pettigrew, S., et al., A review of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in Southeast Asia: Industry interference, lessons learned, and future directions. The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia, 2022. 3.
21. Dumoitier, A., et al., A review of nutrition labeling and food choice in the United States. Obesity science & practice, 2019. 5(6): p. 581-591.
22. Edalati, S., et al., Development and implementation of nutrition labelling in Iran: A retrospective policy analysis. The International journal of health planning and management, 2020. 35(1): p. e28-e44.
23. Bahar, S., Health behavior: Emerging research perspectives. 2013.
24. Chiba, T., Food Labeling Systems in Japan: Nutrition and Health Claims Current Status and Issues on Nutrition Labeling System in Each Region (SY (T6) 19). Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2022. 68(Supplement): p. S101-S103.
25. An, R., et al., Effect of front-of-package nutrition labeling on food purchases: a systematic review. Public Health, 2021. 191: p. 59-67.
26. Thow, A.M., et al., Increasing the public health voice in global decision-making on nutrition labelling. Globalization and Health, 2020. 16(1): p. 3.
27. Shangguan, S., et al., A Meta-Analysis of Food Labeling Effects on Consumer Diet Behaviors and Industry Practices. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019. 56(2): p. 300-314.
28. Cecchini, M. and L. Warin, Impact of food labelling systems on food choices and eating behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. Obes Rev, 2016. 17(3): p. 201-10.
29. Viola, G.C., et al., Are Food Labels Effective as a Means of Health Prevention? J Public Health Res, 2016. 5(3): p. 768.
30. Fichera, E. and S. von Hinke, The response to nutritional labels: Evidence from a quasi-experiment. Journal of Health Economics, 2020. 72: p. 102326.
31. Ni Mhurchu, C., et al., Effects of interpretive nutrition labels on consumer food purchases: the Starlight randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017. 105(3): p. 695-704.
32. Taillie, L.S., et al., Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools: a before and after study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2021. 5(8): p. e526-e533.
33. Deschasaux, M., et al., Nutritional quality of food as represented by the FSAm-NPS nutrient profiling system underlying the Nutri-Score label and cancer risk in Europe: Results from the EPIC prospective cohort study. PLoS Med, 2018. 15(9): p. e1002651.
34. Egnell, M., et al., Impact of the Nutri-Score front-of-pack nutrition label on purchasing intentions of individuals with chronic diseases: results of a randomised trial. BMJ Open, 2022. 12(8): p. e058139.
35. Ganderats-Fuentes, M. and S. Morgan, Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling and Its Impact on Food Industry Practices: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Nutrients, 2023. 15(11).
36. van der Bend, D.L., et al., The influence of a front-of-pack nutrition label on product reformulation: A ten-year evaluation of the Dutch Choices programme. Food chemistry: X, 2020. 6: p. 100086.
37. Morrison, H., N. Meloncelli, and F.E. Pelly, Nutritional quality and reformulation of a selection of children's packaged foods available in Australian supermarkets: Has the Health Star Rating had an impact? Nutrition & dietetics, 2019. 76(3): p. 296-304.
38. Bablani, L., et al., The impact of voluntary front-of-pack nutrition labelling on packaged food reformulation: A difference-in-differences analysis of the Australasian Health Star Rating scheme. PLoS Med, 2020. 17(11): p. e1003427.
39. Corvalán, C., et al., The impact of the Chilean law on food labelling on the food production sector. 2021.
40. Barahona, N., C. Otero, and S. Otero, Equilibrium effects of food labeling policies. Econometrica, 2023. 91(3): p. 839-868.
41. Alimentarius, C., Codex standard. Rome, Food Agriculture Organization, 2011: p. 33-198.
42. Hassan, L.M., E.M. Shiu, and N. Michaelidou, The influence of nutrition information on choice: The roles of temptation, conflict and self‐control. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2010. 44(3): p. 499-515.
43. Baumeister, R.F., Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior. Journal of consumer Research, 2002. 28(4): p. 670-676.
44. Loewenstein, G., C.R. Sunstein, and R. Golman, Disclosure: Psychology changes everything. Annu. Rev. Econ., 2014. 6(1): p. 391-419.
45. Feng, W. and A. Fox, Menu labels, for better, and worse? Exploring socio-economic and race-ethnic differences in menu label use in a national sample. Appetite, 2018. 128: p. 223-232.
46. Fox, A.M. and C.R. Horowitz, Best practices in policy approaches to obesity prevention. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 2013. 24(2): p. 168-192.