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Date Published:
14/11/2024
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SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION
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1.
TU Q, HOANG TDN, TRAN TD, LE DT, PHAM QA, HOANG TTN. NUTRITION LABELLING POLICIES AND THEIR IMPACTS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES AND IN VIET NAM. Tạp chí Dinh dưỡng và Thực phẩm. 2024;20(6):161-173. doi:10.56283/1859-0381/795
NUTRITION LABELLING POLICIES AND THEIR IMPACTS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES AND IN VIET NAM
Main Article Content
Abstract
Aims: Nutrition labelling is crucial in providing information about the nutritional content of food products, helping consumers make healthier choices, thereby improving public health. This article reviews global nutrition labelling policies and analyses their impact on consumer behaviour and public health. It also suggests directions and solutions for effectively implementing nutrition labelling policies in Vietnam.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. Data sources were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and international literature on food labelling policies. The process of data evaluation and extraction followed specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: Various types of food labels are being applied globally. Studies show that nutrition labelling influences consumer behaviour, encouraging healthier food choices. Additionally, labelling policies prompt food manufacturers to reformulate by reducing sodium and trans fat content. Countries implementing comprehensive labelling policies have seen improvements in controlling non-communicable diseases. Nutritional labels should be interpretive, intuitive and comprehensible for the majority of the population.
Conclusion: Nutrition labelling policies have significantly improved public health and changed consumer behaviour in developed countries. Vietnam can learn from these successful models while also implementing coordinated nutrition education and strict monitoring measures to maximise the effectiveness of its nutrition labelling policies.
Article Details
Keywords
nutrition labelling, public health, consumer behaviour, health policy, Vietnam
References
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30. Fichera, E. and S. von Hinke, The response to nutritional labels: Evidence from a quasi-experiment. Journal of Health Economics, 2020. 72: p. 102326.
31. Ni Mhurchu, C., et al., Effects of interpretive nutrition labels on consumer food purchases: the Starlight randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017. 105(3): p. 695-704.
32. Taillie, L.S., et al., Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools: a before and after study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2021. 5(8): p. e526-e533.
33. Deschasaux, M., et al., Nutritional quality of food as represented by the FSAm-NPS nutrient profiling system underlying the Nutri-Score label and cancer risk in Europe: Results from the EPIC prospective cohort study. PLoS Med, 2018. 15(9): p. e1002651.
34. Egnell, M., et al., Impact of the Nutri-Score front-of-pack nutrition label on purchasing intentions of individuals with chronic diseases: results of a randomised trial. BMJ Open, 2022. 12(8): p. e058139.
35. Ganderats-Fuentes, M. and S. Morgan, Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling and Its Impact on Food Industry Practices: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Nutrients, 2023. 15(11).
36. van der Bend, D.L., et al., The influence of a front-of-pack nutrition label on product reformulation: A ten-year evaluation of the Dutch Choices programme. Food chemistry: X, 2020. 6: p. 100086.
37. Morrison, H., N. Meloncelli, and F.E. Pelly, Nutritional quality and reformulation of a selection of children's packaged foods available in Australian supermarkets: Has the Health Star Rating had an impact? Nutrition & dietetics, 2019. 76(3): p. 296-304.
38. Bablani, L., et al., The impact of voluntary front-of-pack nutrition labelling on packaged food reformulation: A difference-in-differences analysis of the Australasian Health Star Rating scheme. PLoS Med, 2020. 17(11): p. e1003427.
39. Corvalán, C., et al., The impact of the Chilean law on food labelling on the food production sector. 2021.
40. Barahona, N., C. Otero, and S. Otero, Equilibrium effects of food labeling policies. Econometrica, 2023. 91(3): p. 839-868.
41. Alimentarius, C., Codex standard. Rome, Food Agriculture Organization, 2011: p. 33-198.
42. Hassan, L.M., E.M. Shiu, and N. Michaelidou, The influence of nutrition information on choice: The roles of temptation, conflict and self‐control. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2010. 44(3): p. 499-515.
43. Baumeister, R.F., Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior. Journal of consumer Research, 2002. 28(4): p. 670-676.
44. Loewenstein, G., C.R. Sunstein, and R. Golman, Disclosure: Psychology changes everything. Annu. Rev. Econ., 2014. 6(1): p. 391-419.
45. Feng, W. and A. Fox, Menu labels, for better, and worse? Exploring socio-economic and race-ethnic differences in menu label use in a national sample. Appetite, 2018. 128: p. 223-232.
46. Fox, A.M. and C.R. Horowitz, Best practices in policy approaches to obesity prevention. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 2013. 24(2): p. 168-192.
2. Aune, D., et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. International Journal of Epidemiology 2017. 46(3): p. 1029-1056.
3. Madruga, M., et al., Trends in food consumption according to the degree of food processing among the UK population over 11 years. British Journal of Nutrition, 2023. 130(3): p. 476-483.
4. Machado, P.P., et al., Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity in the Australian adult population. Nutrition in Diabetes, 2020. 10(1): p. 39.
5. Popkin, B.M., et al., Towards unified and impactful policies to reduce ultra-processed food consumption and promote healthier eating. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology, 2021. 9(7): p. 462-470.
6. Scarborough, P., et al., The preventable risk integrated ModEl and its use to estimate the health impact of public health policy scenarios. Scientifica, 2014. 2014(1): p. 748750.
7. Maruyama, M. and L.V. Trung, Supermarkets in Vietnam: Opportunities and obstacles. Asian Economic Journal, 2007. 21(1): p. 19-46.
8. Harris, J., et al., Nutrition transition in Vietnam: changing food supply, food prices, household expenditure, diet and nutrition outcomes. Food Security, 2020. 12(5): p. 1141-1155.
9. Thang, N.M. and B. Popkin, Patterns of food consumption in Vietnam: effects on socioeconomic groups during an era of economic growth. European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004. 58(1): p. 145-153.
10. Pham, T.T.P., et al., Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Hanoi, Vietnam. BMC Public Health, 2019. 19(1).
11. Hoàng Thị Đức Ngàn, et al., Thực trạng tiêu thụ thức ăn nhanh và đồ uống trước và trong dịch covid-19 ở những người 15-25 tuổi tại vùng nông thôn và thành thị thành phố Hà Nội. Tạp chí DD & TP, 2021. 17(1): p. 1-8.
12. Ngoc, N.B., Z.L. Lin, and W. Ahmed, Diabetes: What Challenges Lie Ahead for Vietnam? Ann Glob Health, 2020. 86(1): p. 1.
13. Organization, W.H., Manual to develop and implement front‑of‑pack nutrition labelling. 2020, World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe.
14. Nations, F.a.A.O.o.t.U., Food Labelling (Codex Alimentarius) - Fifth Edition, ed. FAO. 2007, Rome, Italy: FAO/WHO. 51.
15. World Health, O., Global nutrition policy review 2016-2017: country progress in creating enabling policy environments for promoting healthy diets and nutrition. 2018, Geneva: World Health Organization.
16. Moreira, M.J., et al., Consumer knowledge about food labeling and fraud. Foods, 2021. 10(5): p. 1095.
17. International, W.C.R.F., Building momentum: lessons on implementing a robust front-of-pack food label. World Cancer Research Fund International, 2019.
18. Grunert, K.G. and J.M. Wills, A review of European research on consumer response to nutrition information on food labels. Journal of public health, 2007. 15: p. 385-399.
19. Feunekes, G.I., et al., Front-of-pack nutrition labelling: testing effectiveness of different nutrition labelling formats front-of-pack in four European countries. Appetite, 2008. 50(1): p. 57-70.
20. Pettigrew, S., et al., A review of front-of-pack nutrition labelling in Southeast Asia: Industry interference, lessons learned, and future directions. The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia, 2022. 3.
21. Dumoitier, A., et al., A review of nutrition labeling and food choice in the United States. Obesity science & practice, 2019. 5(6): p. 581-591.
22. Edalati, S., et al., Development and implementation of nutrition labelling in Iran: A retrospective policy analysis. The International journal of health planning and management, 2020. 35(1): p. e28-e44.
23. Bahar, S., Health behavior: Emerging research perspectives. 2013.
24. Chiba, T., Food Labeling Systems in Japan: Nutrition and Health Claims Current Status and Issues on Nutrition Labeling System in Each Region (SY (T6) 19). Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2022. 68(Supplement): p. S101-S103.
25. An, R., et al., Effect of front-of-package nutrition labeling on food purchases: a systematic review. Public Health, 2021. 191: p. 59-67.
26. Thow, A.M., et al., Increasing the public health voice in global decision-making on nutrition labelling. Globalization and Health, 2020. 16(1): p. 3.
27. Shangguan, S., et al., A Meta-Analysis of Food Labeling Effects on Consumer Diet Behaviors and Industry Practices. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019. 56(2): p. 300-314.
28. Cecchini, M. and L. Warin, Impact of food labelling systems on food choices and eating behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. Obes Rev, 2016. 17(3): p. 201-10.
29. Viola, G.C., et al., Are Food Labels Effective as a Means of Health Prevention? J Public Health Res, 2016. 5(3): p. 768.
30. Fichera, E. and S. von Hinke, The response to nutritional labels: Evidence from a quasi-experiment. Journal of Health Economics, 2020. 72: p. 102326.
31. Ni Mhurchu, C., et al., Effects of interpretive nutrition labels on consumer food purchases: the Starlight randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017. 105(3): p. 695-704.
32. Taillie, L.S., et al., Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools: a before and after study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2021. 5(8): p. e526-e533.
33. Deschasaux, M., et al., Nutritional quality of food as represented by the FSAm-NPS nutrient profiling system underlying the Nutri-Score label and cancer risk in Europe: Results from the EPIC prospective cohort study. PLoS Med, 2018. 15(9): p. e1002651.
34. Egnell, M., et al., Impact of the Nutri-Score front-of-pack nutrition label on purchasing intentions of individuals with chronic diseases: results of a randomised trial. BMJ Open, 2022. 12(8): p. e058139.
35. Ganderats-Fuentes, M. and S. Morgan, Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling and Its Impact on Food Industry Practices: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Nutrients, 2023. 15(11).
36. van der Bend, D.L., et al., The influence of a front-of-pack nutrition label on product reformulation: A ten-year evaluation of the Dutch Choices programme. Food chemistry: X, 2020. 6: p. 100086.
37. Morrison, H., N. Meloncelli, and F.E. Pelly, Nutritional quality and reformulation of a selection of children's packaged foods available in Australian supermarkets: Has the Health Star Rating had an impact? Nutrition & dietetics, 2019. 76(3): p. 296-304.
38. Bablani, L., et al., The impact of voluntary front-of-pack nutrition labelling on packaged food reformulation: A difference-in-differences analysis of the Australasian Health Star Rating scheme. PLoS Med, 2020. 17(11): p. e1003427.
39. Corvalán, C., et al., The impact of the Chilean law on food labelling on the food production sector. 2021.
40. Barahona, N., C. Otero, and S. Otero, Equilibrium effects of food labeling policies. Econometrica, 2023. 91(3): p. 839-868.
41. Alimentarius, C., Codex standard. Rome, Food Agriculture Organization, 2011: p. 33-198.
42. Hassan, L.M., E.M. Shiu, and N. Michaelidou, The influence of nutrition information on choice: The roles of temptation, conflict and self‐control. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2010. 44(3): p. 499-515.
43. Baumeister, R.F., Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior. Journal of consumer Research, 2002. 28(4): p. 670-676.
44. Loewenstein, G., C.R. Sunstein, and R. Golman, Disclosure: Psychology changes everything. Annu. Rev. Econ., 2014. 6(1): p. 391-419.
45. Feng, W. and A. Fox, Menu labels, for better, and worse? Exploring socio-economic and race-ethnic differences in menu label use in a national sample. Appetite, 2018. 128: p. 223-232.
46. Fox, A.M. and C.R. Horowitz, Best practices in policy approaches to obesity prevention. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 2013. 24(2): p. 168-192.