THE EFFECTS OF MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES ON BODY WEIGHT AND BODY FAT COMPOSITION IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADULTS
Main Article Content
Abstract
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) have an impact on the health of overweight and obese adutls. This review aims to summarize and analyze clinical studies on the effects of MCT on anthropometric indices in overweight and obese adults, in order to provide guidelines for the appropriate use of MCT in managing overweight and obesity in the Vietnamese community. The systematic review utilized data from reputable medical databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, as well as search tools like Google and Google Scholar. Results: Nine studies from 2001 to 2023 were included. The findings indicate that MCT may help support weight control, body mass index, and fat composition, especially visceral fat, in overweight and obese adults. However, further research with larger sample sizes, longer study durations, and more rigorously controlled interventions is necessary to provide appropriate MCT usage guidelines for managing obesity in Vietnam.
Article Details
Keywords
Medium-chain triglycerides, overweight, obestity, body weight and body fat composition.
References
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12. Marie-Pierre SO, Aubrey Bosarge, Laura LLG et al. (2008). Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil Consumption as Part of a Weight Loss Diet Does Not Lead to an Adverse Metabolic Profile When Compared to Olive Oil. J Am Coll Nutr;27(5):547-52.
13. Zhou S Wang Y2, Jacoby JJ2 et al (2017). Effects of Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerols on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in C57BL/6J Mice. J Agric Food Chem doi: 101021/acsjafc7b01803 Epub 2017 Jul 26:65(31):6599-607.
14. Han JR, Deng B, Sun J et al. (2007). Effects of dietary medium-chain triglyceride on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in a group of moderately overweight free-living type 2 diabetic Chinese subjects. Metabolism(56(7)):985-91.
15. Zhang Y. Liu Y., Wang J. et al (2010). Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols reduce body fat and blood triacylglycerols in hypertriacylglycerolemic, overweight but not obese, Chinese individuals. Lipids;45(6):501-10.
16. St-Onge M.P., A. Bosarge (2008). Weight-loss diet that includes consumption of medium-chain triacylglycerol oil leads to a greater rate of weight and fat mass loss than does olive oil. Am J Clin Nutr;87(3):621-6.
17. Kasai M., Nosaka N., Maki H. et al. (2003). Effect of dietary medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) on accumulation of body fat in healthy humans. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition;12:151-60.
18. Nosaka N., Maki H., Suzuki Y. et al. (2003). Effects of margarine containing medium-chain triacylglycerols on body fat reduction in humans. J Atheroscler Thromb;10(5):290-8.
19. Tsuji H., Kasai, M., Takeuchi, H., Nakamura, M., Okazaki, M., & Kondo, K. (2001). Dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols suppress accumulation of body fat in a double-blind, controlled trial in healthy men and women. ournal of Nutrition;131:2853–9.
20. Nosaka N., Tsujino S., Kato K. (2022). Short-Term Ingestion of Medium-Chain Triglycerides Could Enhance Postprandial Consumption of Ingested Fat in Individuals with a Body Mass Index from 25 to Less than 30: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Study. Nutrients;14(5).
21. Roynette C. E., Rudkowska I., Nakhasi D. K. et al. (2008). Structured medium and long chain triglycerides show short-term increases in fat oxidation, but no changes in adiposity in men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis;18(4):298-305.
22. St-Onge M. P., Jones P. J. (2003). Greater rise in fat oxidation with medium-chain triglyceride consumption relative to long-chain triglyceride is associated with lower initial body weight and greater loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord;27(12):1565-71.
23. Traul K. A., Driedger A., Ingle D. L. et al. (2000). Review of the toxicologic properties of medium-chain triglycerides. Food Chem Toxicol;38(1):79-98.
24. Muscaritoli M., Pradelli L. (2021). Medium-Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Content of Adult Enteral Tube Feeding Formulas and Clinical Outcomes. A Systematic Review. Front Nutr;8:697529.
25. Bach A. C., Babayan V. K. (1982). Medium-chain triglycerides: an update. Am J Clin Nutr;36(5):950-62.
26. Hasegawa Y, Nakagami T, Oya J et al. (2019). Body Weight Reduction of 5% Improved Blood Pressure and Lipid Profiles in Obese Men and Blood Glucose in Obese Women: A Four-Year Follow-up Observational Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord;17(5):250-8.
27. St-Onge M.P. Bosarge A., Goree L.L, Darnell B., (2008). Medium chain triglyceride oil consumption as part of a weight loss diet does not lead to an adverse metabolic profile when compared to olive oil. J Am Coll Nutr:27(5):547-52.
28. Xue C., Liu Y., Wang J. et al. (2009). Consumption of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols decreases body fat and blood triglyceride in Chinese hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr;63(7):879-86.
29. Takeuchi H., Sekine S., Kojima K. et al. (2008). The application of medium-chain fatty acids: edible oil with a suppressing effect on body fat accumulation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr;17 Suppl 1:320-3.
30. Dutour A, Achard V, Sell H et al. (2010). Secretory type II phospholipase A2 is produced and secreted by epicardial adipose tissue and over expressed in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab;95(2):963-7.
31. McCarty M. F., DiNicolantonio J. J. (2016). Lauric acid-rich medium-chain triglycerides can substitute for other oils in cooking applications and may have limited pathogenicity. Open Heart;3(2):e000467.
2. World Obesity Atlas 2022: One Billion People Globally Estimated to be Living with Obesity by 2030 [press release]. World Obesity Federation2022.
3. Tarekegn B. T., Assimamaw N. T., Atalell K. A. et al. (2022). Prevalence and associated factors of double and triple burden of malnutrition among child-mother pairs in Ethiopia: Spatial and survey regression analysis. BMC Nutr;8(1):34.
4. Biswas T., Magalhaes R. J. S., Townsend N. et al. (2020). Double Burden of Underweight and Overweight among Women in South and Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr;11(1):128-43.
5. Lê Bạch Mai, Hà Huy Khôi, Nguyễn Công Khẩn (2001). Điều tra cơ bản về tình hình tiêu thụ lương thực thực phẩm và tình trạng dinh dưỡng của nhân dân Việt Nam 2000. Viện Dinh dưỡng
6. Lê Thị Hợp, Lê Danh Tuyên (2010). Tổng điều tra dinh dưỡng 2009-2010. Hà Nội: Viện Dinh dưỡng.
7. Phạm Thị Oanh, Nguyễn Thị Thu Trang (2022). Tình trạng dinh dưỡng, tăng glucose máu của người lao động tại 1 nhà máy ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Tạp chí Dinh dưỡng và Thực phẩm;18(3+4):120-6.
8. Nguyễn Thị Thuỳ Linh, Phan Thị Kim, Lê Thị Hương và CS (2020). Thực trạng thừa cân, béo phì và kiến thức liên quan đến thừa cân, béo phì ở người trưởng thành tại quận Hai Bà Trưng và huyện Ba Vì, Hà Nội năm 2019. Tạp chí Dinh Dưỡng & Thực Phẩm;16(5):8 trang.
9. Ryan D., Barquera, S., Barata Cavalcanti et al (2021). The Global Pandemic of Overweight and Obesity. In: Kickbusch I., Ganten, D., Moeti, M. , editor. Handbook of Global Health: Springer, Cham. p.
10. Jin Q., Yu H., Li P. (2018). The Evaluation and Utilization of Marine-derived Bioactive Compounds with Anti-obesity Effect. Curr Med Chem;25(7):861-78.
11. Marie-Pierre SO, Brian Mayrsohn, Majella OK et al. (2014). Impact of medium and long chain triglycerides consumption on appetite and food intake in overweight men. Eur J Clin Nutr;68(10):1134-40.
12. Marie-Pierre SO, Aubrey Bosarge, Laura LLG et al. (2008). Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil Consumption as Part of a Weight Loss Diet Does Not Lead to an Adverse Metabolic Profile When Compared to Olive Oil. J Am Coll Nutr;27(5):547-52.
13. Zhou S Wang Y2, Jacoby JJ2 et al (2017). Effects of Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerols on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in C57BL/6J Mice. J Agric Food Chem doi: 101021/acsjafc7b01803 Epub 2017 Jul 26:65(31):6599-607.
14. Han JR, Deng B, Sun J et al. (2007). Effects of dietary medium-chain triglyceride on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in a group of moderately overweight free-living type 2 diabetic Chinese subjects. Metabolism(56(7)):985-91.
15. Zhang Y. Liu Y., Wang J. et al (2010). Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols reduce body fat and blood triacylglycerols in hypertriacylglycerolemic, overweight but not obese, Chinese individuals. Lipids;45(6):501-10.
16. St-Onge M.P., A. Bosarge (2008). Weight-loss diet that includes consumption of medium-chain triacylglycerol oil leads to a greater rate of weight and fat mass loss than does olive oil. Am J Clin Nutr;87(3):621-6.
17. Kasai M., Nosaka N., Maki H. et al. (2003). Effect of dietary medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) on accumulation of body fat in healthy humans. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition;12:151-60.
18. Nosaka N., Maki H., Suzuki Y. et al. (2003). Effects of margarine containing medium-chain triacylglycerols on body fat reduction in humans. J Atheroscler Thromb;10(5):290-8.
19. Tsuji H., Kasai, M., Takeuchi, H., Nakamura, M., Okazaki, M., & Kondo, K. (2001). Dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols suppress accumulation of body fat in a double-blind, controlled trial in healthy men and women. ournal of Nutrition;131:2853–9.
20. Nosaka N., Tsujino S., Kato K. (2022). Short-Term Ingestion of Medium-Chain Triglycerides Could Enhance Postprandial Consumption of Ingested Fat in Individuals with a Body Mass Index from 25 to Less than 30: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Study. Nutrients;14(5).
21. Roynette C. E., Rudkowska I., Nakhasi D. K. et al. (2008). Structured medium and long chain triglycerides show short-term increases in fat oxidation, but no changes in adiposity in men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis;18(4):298-305.
22. St-Onge M. P., Jones P. J. (2003). Greater rise in fat oxidation with medium-chain triglyceride consumption relative to long-chain triglyceride is associated with lower initial body weight and greater loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord;27(12):1565-71.
23. Traul K. A., Driedger A., Ingle D. L. et al. (2000). Review of the toxicologic properties of medium-chain triglycerides. Food Chem Toxicol;38(1):79-98.
24. Muscaritoli M., Pradelli L. (2021). Medium-Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Content of Adult Enteral Tube Feeding Formulas and Clinical Outcomes. A Systematic Review. Front Nutr;8:697529.
25. Bach A. C., Babayan V. K. (1982). Medium-chain triglycerides: an update. Am J Clin Nutr;36(5):950-62.
26. Hasegawa Y, Nakagami T, Oya J et al. (2019). Body Weight Reduction of 5% Improved Blood Pressure and Lipid Profiles in Obese Men and Blood Glucose in Obese Women: A Four-Year Follow-up Observational Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord;17(5):250-8.
27. St-Onge M.P. Bosarge A., Goree L.L, Darnell B., (2008). Medium chain triglyceride oil consumption as part of a weight loss diet does not lead to an adverse metabolic profile when compared to olive oil. J Am Coll Nutr:27(5):547-52.
28. Xue C., Liu Y., Wang J. et al. (2009). Consumption of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols decreases body fat and blood triglyceride in Chinese hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr;63(7):879-86.
29. Takeuchi H., Sekine S., Kojima K. et al. (2008). The application of medium-chain fatty acids: edible oil with a suppressing effect on body fat accumulation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr;17 Suppl 1:320-3.
30. Dutour A, Achard V, Sell H et al. (2010). Secretory type II phospholipase A2 is produced and secreted by epicardial adipose tissue and over expressed in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab;95(2):963-7.
31. McCarty M. F., DiNicolantonio J. J. (2016). Lauric acid-rich medium-chain triglycerides can substitute for other oils in cooking applications and may have limited pathogenicity. Open Heart;3(2):e000467.