ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA ĐIỀU KIỆN CHE SÁNG VÀ THỜI ĐIỂM THU HOẠCH LÁ LÊN HÀM LƯỢNG CHLOROPHYLL, POLYPHENOL VÀ HOẠT TÍNH KHÁNG NẤM Candida CỦA DỊCH CHIẾT LÁ LÚA (Oryza sativa L.)
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
Mục tiêu: Đánh giá ảnh hưởng của thời điểm thu hoạch lá lúa và điều kiện che sáng đến hàm lượng chlorophyll, polyphenol và khả năng kháng nấm Candida albicans của dịch chiết lá lúa.
Phương pháp: Sử dụng sáu giống lúa được trồng phổ biến ở khu vực Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long gồm IR50404, Nàng Thơm, Tài Nguyên, Hương Lài, Nếp Tím và Huyết Rồng. Lá lúa được thu hoạch tại sáu thời điểm (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 và 6 tuần sau gieo) và áp dụng ba điều kiện che sáng (không che, che 1 lớp lưới và che 2 lớp lưới). Lá lúa được chiết với ethanol 80%. Các chỉ tiêu phân tích gồm hàm lượng chlorophyll, hàm lượng polyphenol và khả năng kháng nấm Candida albicans.
Kết quả: Điều kiện che sáng và thời điểm thu hoạch lá có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến hàm lượng chlorophyll, polyphenol và hoạt tính kháng nấm trong dịch chiết lá lúa. Kết quả cho thấy có mối liên quan giữa hàm lượng chlorophyll, polyphenol và tính chất kháng nấm. Các giá trị này đạt cao nhất khi lúa phát triển dưới điều kiện không che sáng và giai đoạn cây từ 3-5 tuần tuổi.
Kết luận: Nghiên cứu là tiền đề cơ sở để lựa giống lúa và điều kiện canh tác phù hợp để thu hoạch lá lúa có tính kháng cao với nấm Candida, tiềm năng ứng dụng trong sản xuất mỹ phẩm chăm sóc da.
Chi tiết bài viết
Từ khóa
Antifungal, Candida albican, chlorophyll, young rice leaves, polyphenol
Tài liệu tham khảo
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3. Wangcharoen W, Phimphilai S. Chlorophyll and total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities and consumer acceptance test of processed grass drinks. J Food Sci Technol. 2016;53(12):4135-4140. doi:10.1007/s13197-016-2380-z
4. Aalipour H, Nikbakht A, Sabzalian MR. Essential oil composition and total phenolic content in Cupressus arizonica G. in response to microbial inoculation under water stress conditions. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):1209. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28107-z
5. Ferrante A, Mariani L. Agronomic management for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses: high and low values of temperature, light intensity, and relative humidity. Horticulturae. 2018;4(3):21. doi:10.3390/horticulturae4030021
6. Wimalasekera R. Effect of light intensity on photosynthesis. In: Photosynthesis, Productivity and Environmental Stress. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2019:65-73. doi:10.1002/9781119501800.ch4
7. Ma Z, Li S, Zhang M, Jiang S, Xiao Y. Light intensity affects growth, photosynthetic capability, and total flavonoid accumulation of Anoectochilus plants. HortScience. 2010;45(6):863-867. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.45.6.863
8. Noertjahyani N, Akbar C, Komariah A, Mulyana H. Shade effect on growth, yield, and shade tolerance of three peanut cultivars. J Agro. 2020;7(1):102-111. doi:10.15575/6273
9. Talapko J, Juzbašić M, Matijević T, et al. Candida albicans—the virulence factors and clinical manifestations of infection. Journal of Fungi. 2021;7(2):79. doi:10.3390/jof7020079
10. Morad HOJ, Wild AM, Wiehr S, et al. Pre-clinical imaging of invasive Candidiasis using immunopet/mr. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1996. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01996
11. Jaiswal N, Kumar A. HPLC in the discovery of plant phenolics as antifungal molecules against Candida infection related biofilms. Microchemical Journal. 2022;179:107572. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2022.107572
12. Ibrahim M, Riaz M, Ali A, et al. Evaluating the total phenolic, protein contents, antioxidant and pharmacological effects of extracts against and. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology. 2023;25(3):110-119. doi:10.2478/pjct-2023-0031
13. Jeenkeawpieam J, Rodjan P, Roytrakul S, et al. Antifungal activity of protein hydrolysates from Thai Phatthalung Sangyod rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds. Vet World. 2023;16(5):1018-1028. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2023.1018-1028
14. Al-Khafaji AN, Muhsin AH, Abdallab MT. Antifungal activity of crude and phenolic extract to rice crusts and chemical pesticide (Blitinute) in inhibition of fungi isolate from rice seeds. IJFMT. 2020;4(2):1427-1433. doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3112
15. Tamprasit K, Weerapreeyakul N, Sutthanut K, Thukhammee W, Wattanathorn J. Harvest age effect on phytochemical content of white and black glutinous rice cultivars. Molecules. 2019;24(24):4432. doi:10.3390/molecules24244432
16. Berwal M, Haldhar S, Ram C, Shil S, Gora JS. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of flower bud and foliage of Calligonum polygonoides L. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry. 2021;34:61-67. doi:10.5958/0974-4479.2021.00008.3
17. Roca M, Chen K, Pérez-Gálvez A. Chapter 8 - Chlorophylls. In: Schweiggert R, ed. Handbook on Natural Pigments in Food and Beverages (Second Edition). Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. Woodhead Publishing; 2024:193-226. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-99608-2.00017-3
18. Yang CM, Lee YJ. Seasonal changes of chlorophyll content in field-grown rice crops and their relationships with growth. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B. 2001;25(4):233-238.
19. Thi ND, Hwang ES. Bioactive compound contents and antioxidant activity in aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) leaves collected at different growth stages. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2014;19(3):204-212. doi:10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.204
20. Khanthapok P, Muangprom A, Sukrong S. Antioxidant activity and DNA protective properties of rice grass juices. ScienceAsia. 2015;41(2):119. doi:10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2015.41.119
21. Neugart S, Baldermann S, Hanschen FS, Klopsch R, Wiesner-Reinhold M, Schreiner M. The intrinsic quality of brassicaceous vegetables: How secondary plant metabolites are affected by genetic, environmental, and agronomic factors. Scientia Horticulturae. 2018;233:460-478. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.038
22. Resurreccion AP, Makino A, Bennett J, Mae T. Effect of light intensity on the growth and photosynthesis of rice under different sulfur concentrations. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2002;48(1):71-77. doi:10.1080/00380768.2002.10409173
23. Viji MM, Thangaraj M, Jayapragasam M. Effect of Low Light on Photosynthetic Pigments, Photochemical Efficiency and Hill Reaction in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 1997;178(4):193-196. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1997.tb00490.x
24. Karimi E, Jaafar H, Ghasemzadeh A, Ibrahim MH. Light intensity effects on production and antioxidant activity of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in leaves, stems and roots of three varieties of Labisia pumila Benth. Australian Journal of Crop Science. Published online 2013. Accessed July 16, 2024. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Light-intensity-effects-on-production-and-activity-Karimi-Jaafar/0ec2934a5178ec150b11c3fbce5baec80accdc00
25. Katerova Z, Todorova D, Sergiev I. Plant secondary metabolites and some plant growth regulators elicited by UV irradiation, light and/or shade. In: Ghorbanpour M, Varma A, eds. Medicinal Plants and Environmental Challenges. Springer International Publishing; 2017:97-121. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68717-9_6
26. Ekawati R, Saputri LH. Chlorophyll Components, Total Flavonoid, Anthocyanin Content and Yield of Eleutherine palmifolia L. (Merr) on Different Shading Levels. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci. 2022;1018(1):012004. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1018/1/012004
27. Dong C, Fu Y, Liu G, Liu H. Low light intensity effects on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages in BLSS. Advances in Space Research. 2014;53(11):1557-1566. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2014.02.004
28. Ye JH, Lv YQ, Liu SR, et al. Effects of Light Intensity and Spectral Composition on the Transcriptome Profiles of Leaves in Shade Grown Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.) and Regulatory Network of Flavonoid Biosynthesis. Molecules. 2021;26(19):5836. doi:10.3390/molecules26195836
29. Zhan X, Chen Z, Chen R, Shen C. Environmental and genetic factors involved in plant protection-associated secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.877304
30. Grativol C, Hemerly AS, Ferreira PCG. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of stress responses in natural plant populations. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms. 2012;1819(2):176-185. doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.08.010
31. Pourakbar L, Moghaddam SS, Enshasy HAE, Sayyed RZ. Antifungal activity of the extract of a macroalgae, Gracilariopsis persica, against four plant pathogenic fungi. Plants. 2021;10(9):1781. doi:10.3390/plants10091781
32. Millat M, Amin M. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential analysis of methanolic extracts of ten days mature Triticum aestivum Linn. (whole plants). Discovery Phytomedicine. 2019;6:16-19. doi:10.15562/phytomedicine.2019.78
33. Evensen NA, Braun PC. The effects of tea polyphenols on Candida albicans: inhibition of biofilm formation and proteasome inactivation. Can J Microbiol. 2009;55(9):1033-1039. doi:10.1139/w09-058
34. Maekawa L, Roberta L, Sidnei M, Maekawa M, Nassri M, Koga Ito C. Antimicrobial activity of chlorophyll-based solution on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Revista Sul-brasiliera de Odontologia. 2007;4. doi:10.21726/rsbo.v4i2.1294
35. Martins N, Barros L, Henriques M, Silva S, Ferreira ICFR. Activity of phenolic compounds from plant origin against Candida species. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015;74:648-670. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.067.
2. Thepthanee C, Liu CC, Yu HS, et al. Evaluation of phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of black rice leaf (Oryza sativa L.) extract and its fractions. Foods. 2021;10(12):2987. doi:10.3390/foods10122987
3. Wangcharoen W, Phimphilai S. Chlorophyll and total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities and consumer acceptance test of processed grass drinks. J Food Sci Technol. 2016;53(12):4135-4140. doi:10.1007/s13197-016-2380-z
4. Aalipour H, Nikbakht A, Sabzalian MR. Essential oil composition and total phenolic content in Cupressus arizonica G. in response to microbial inoculation under water stress conditions. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):1209. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28107-z
5. Ferrante A, Mariani L. Agronomic management for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses: high and low values of temperature, light intensity, and relative humidity. Horticulturae. 2018;4(3):21. doi:10.3390/horticulturae4030021
6. Wimalasekera R. Effect of light intensity on photosynthesis. In: Photosynthesis, Productivity and Environmental Stress. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2019:65-73. doi:10.1002/9781119501800.ch4
7. Ma Z, Li S, Zhang M, Jiang S, Xiao Y. Light intensity affects growth, photosynthetic capability, and total flavonoid accumulation of Anoectochilus plants. HortScience. 2010;45(6):863-867. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.45.6.863
8. Noertjahyani N, Akbar C, Komariah A, Mulyana H. Shade effect on growth, yield, and shade tolerance of three peanut cultivars. J Agro. 2020;7(1):102-111. doi:10.15575/6273
9. Talapko J, Juzbašić M, Matijević T, et al. Candida albicans—the virulence factors and clinical manifestations of infection. Journal of Fungi. 2021;7(2):79. doi:10.3390/jof7020079
10. Morad HOJ, Wild AM, Wiehr S, et al. Pre-clinical imaging of invasive Candidiasis using immunopet/mr. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1996. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01996
11. Jaiswal N, Kumar A. HPLC in the discovery of plant phenolics as antifungal molecules against Candida infection related biofilms. Microchemical Journal. 2022;179:107572. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2022.107572
12. Ibrahim M, Riaz M, Ali A, et al. Evaluating the total phenolic, protein contents, antioxidant and pharmacological effects of extracts against and. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology. 2023;25(3):110-119. doi:10.2478/pjct-2023-0031
13. Jeenkeawpieam J, Rodjan P, Roytrakul S, et al. Antifungal activity of protein hydrolysates from Thai Phatthalung Sangyod rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds. Vet World. 2023;16(5):1018-1028. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2023.1018-1028
14. Al-Khafaji AN, Muhsin AH, Abdallab MT. Antifungal activity of crude and phenolic extract to rice crusts and chemical pesticide (Blitinute) in inhibition of fungi isolate from rice seeds. IJFMT. 2020;4(2):1427-1433. doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.3112
15. Tamprasit K, Weerapreeyakul N, Sutthanut K, Thukhammee W, Wattanathorn J. Harvest age effect on phytochemical content of white and black glutinous rice cultivars. Molecules. 2019;24(24):4432. doi:10.3390/molecules24244432
16. Berwal M, Haldhar S, Ram C, Shil S, Gora JS. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of flower bud and foliage of Calligonum polygonoides L. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry. 2021;34:61-67. doi:10.5958/0974-4479.2021.00008.3
17. Roca M, Chen K, Pérez-Gálvez A. Chapter 8 - Chlorophylls. In: Schweiggert R, ed. Handbook on Natural Pigments in Food and Beverages (Second Edition). Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. Woodhead Publishing; 2024:193-226. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-99608-2.00017-3
18. Yang CM, Lee YJ. Seasonal changes of chlorophyll content in field-grown rice crops and their relationships with growth. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B. 2001;25(4):233-238.
19. Thi ND, Hwang ES. Bioactive compound contents and antioxidant activity in aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) leaves collected at different growth stages. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2014;19(3):204-212. doi:10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.204
20. Khanthapok P, Muangprom A, Sukrong S. Antioxidant activity and DNA protective properties of rice grass juices. ScienceAsia. 2015;41(2):119. doi:10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2015.41.119
21. Neugart S, Baldermann S, Hanschen FS, Klopsch R, Wiesner-Reinhold M, Schreiner M. The intrinsic quality of brassicaceous vegetables: How secondary plant metabolites are affected by genetic, environmental, and agronomic factors. Scientia Horticulturae. 2018;233:460-478. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.038
22. Resurreccion AP, Makino A, Bennett J, Mae T. Effect of light intensity on the growth and photosynthesis of rice under different sulfur concentrations. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2002;48(1):71-77. doi:10.1080/00380768.2002.10409173
23. Viji MM, Thangaraj M, Jayapragasam M. Effect of Low Light on Photosynthetic Pigments, Photochemical Efficiency and Hill Reaction in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 1997;178(4):193-196. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1997.tb00490.x
24. Karimi E, Jaafar H, Ghasemzadeh A, Ibrahim MH. Light intensity effects on production and antioxidant activity of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in leaves, stems and roots of three varieties of Labisia pumila Benth. Australian Journal of Crop Science. Published online 2013. Accessed July 16, 2024. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Light-intensity-effects-on-production-and-activity-Karimi-Jaafar/0ec2934a5178ec150b11c3fbce5baec80accdc00
25. Katerova Z, Todorova D, Sergiev I. Plant secondary metabolites and some plant growth regulators elicited by UV irradiation, light and/or shade. In: Ghorbanpour M, Varma A, eds. Medicinal Plants and Environmental Challenges. Springer International Publishing; 2017:97-121. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68717-9_6
26. Ekawati R, Saputri LH. Chlorophyll Components, Total Flavonoid, Anthocyanin Content and Yield of Eleutherine palmifolia L. (Merr) on Different Shading Levels. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci. 2022;1018(1):012004. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1018/1/012004
27. Dong C, Fu Y, Liu G, Liu H. Low light intensity effects on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages in BLSS. Advances in Space Research. 2014;53(11):1557-1566. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2014.02.004
28. Ye JH, Lv YQ, Liu SR, et al. Effects of Light Intensity and Spectral Composition on the Transcriptome Profiles of Leaves in Shade Grown Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.) and Regulatory Network of Flavonoid Biosynthesis. Molecules. 2021;26(19):5836. doi:10.3390/molecules26195836
29. Zhan X, Chen Z, Chen R, Shen C. Environmental and genetic factors involved in plant protection-associated secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Front Plant Sci. 2022;13. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.877304
30. Grativol C, Hemerly AS, Ferreira PCG. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of stress responses in natural plant populations. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms. 2012;1819(2):176-185. doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.08.010
31. Pourakbar L, Moghaddam SS, Enshasy HAE, Sayyed RZ. Antifungal activity of the extract of a macroalgae, Gracilariopsis persica, against four plant pathogenic fungi. Plants. 2021;10(9):1781. doi:10.3390/plants10091781
32. Millat M, Amin M. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential analysis of methanolic extracts of ten days mature Triticum aestivum Linn. (whole plants). Discovery Phytomedicine. 2019;6:16-19. doi:10.15562/phytomedicine.2019.78
33. Evensen NA, Braun PC. The effects of tea polyphenols on Candida albicans: inhibition of biofilm formation and proteasome inactivation. Can J Microbiol. 2009;55(9):1033-1039. doi:10.1139/w09-058
34. Maekawa L, Roberta L, Sidnei M, Maekawa M, Nassri M, Koga Ito C. Antimicrobial activity of chlorophyll-based solution on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Revista Sul-brasiliera de Odontologia. 2007;4. doi:10.21726/rsbo.v4i2.1294
35. Martins N, Barros L, Henriques M, Silva S, Ferreira ICFR. Activity of phenolic compounds from plant origin against Candida species. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015;74:648-670. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.067.