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28/02/2025
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REVIEW
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1.
NGUYEN MD, NGUYEN MH. COULD BODY MASS INDEX ACTUALLY BE PRECISE IN ACESSING NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN COMMUNITY?. Tạp chí Dinh dưỡng và Thực phẩm. 2025;21(1):14-23. doi:10.56283/1859-0381/872
COULD BODY MASS INDEX ACTUALLY BE PRECISE IN ACESSING NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN COMMUNITY?
Main Article Content
Abstract
The increase unceasingly in “pandemic” obesity prevalence has been reported as one contributing factor to the significant soar of many noncommunicable diseases in Vietnam. While Body mass index (BMI) is currently a simple anthropometric indice for diagnosis obesity in the general population, but it has flaws in determine the fat percentage of the body. To better embody fat distribution, a novel anthropometric indice, body roundness index (BRI), was pioneered by Thomas et al, who developed elliptical models based on human body shape to calculate body roundness. Beneficial and valuable application of this anthropometric and its health advantages evaluation in asessing of nutritional state are the topic of this narrative review article. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive reappraisal of the common anthropometric indices such as BMI and BRI.
Article Details
Keywords
anthropometric, BMI, BRI, nutritional status
References
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7. Lee SW, Son JY, Kim JM, Hwang SS, Han JS, Heo NJ. Body fat distribution is more predictive of all-cause mortality than overall adiposity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(1):141-147. doi:10.1111/dom.13050.
8. Thomas DM, Bredlau C, Bosy-Westphal A, et al. Relationships between body roundness with body fat and visceral adipose tissue emerging from a new geometrical model. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(11):2264-2271. doi:10.1002/oby.20408.
9. Zhang X, Ma N, Lin Q, et al. Body Roundness Index and All-Cause Mortality Among US Adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(6):e2415051. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15051.
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14. Health American Medical Association Council on Science and Public. Report 07 of the Council on Science and Public Health (A-23): Support removal of BMI as a standard measure in medicine and recognizing culturally-diverse and varied presentations of eating disorders and indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (reference committee D). 2023. https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/a23-csaph07.pdf.
15. Wang Jiantian, Thornton John, Russell M, et al. Asians have lower body mass index (BMI) but higher percent body fat than do whites: Comparisons of anthropometric measurements. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 1994;60:23-8. doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.1.23.
16. Deurenberg-Yap M, Chew SK, Lin VF, et al. Relationships between indices of obesity and its co-morbidities in multi-ethnic Singapore. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2001;25(10):1554-62. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801739.
17. Chang C. J., Wu C. H., Chang C. S., et al. Low body mass index but high percent body fat in Taiwanese subjects: implications of obesity cutoffs. International Journal of Obesity. 2003;27(2):253-259. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.802197.
18. Dang AK, Truong MT, Le HT, Nguyen KC, Le MB, Nguyen LT, Do KN, Nguyen LHT, Mamun AA, Phung D, et al. Anthropometric Cut-Off Values for Detecting the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Multiple Components among Adults in Vietnam: The Role of Novel Indices. Nutrients. 2022; 14(19):4024. Doi:10.3390/nu14194024.
19. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025; 48 (S1): S27–S49. doi:10.2337/dc25-S002.
20. Aayush Visaria, Trisha Sindhu, Tina Dharamdasani, OR10-01 Discordance Between Body Mass Index and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Based Adiposity Measures Among United States Adults. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2023;7(S1):bvad114.007.doi:10.1210/jendso/bvad114.007.
21. Visaria A, Setoguchi S. Body mass index and all-cause mortality in a 21st century U.S. population: A National Health Interview Survey analysis. PLOS ONE. 2023; 18(7): e0287218. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287218
22. Rico-Martín S, Calderón-García JF, Sánchez-Rey P, Franco-Antonio C, Martínez Alvarez M, Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero JF. Effectiveness of body roundness index in predicting metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2020;21(7):e13023. doi: 10.1111/obr.13023.
23. Calderón-García JF, Roncero-Martín R, Rico-Martín S, et al. Effectiveness of Body Roundness Index (BRI) and a Body Shape Index (ABSI) in Predicting Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):11607. doi:10.3390/ijerph182111607.
24. Li G, Yao T, Wu XW, Cao Z, Tu YC, Ma Y, Li BN, Peng QY, Wu B, Hou J. Novel and traditional anthropometric indices for identifying arterial stiffness in overweight and obese adults. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(3):893-900. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.029.
25. Yang Man, Liu Jia, Shen Qian, et al. Body Roundness Index Trajectories and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. American Heart Association. 2024;13(19):e034768. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.034768
26. Ho-Pham LT, Lai TQ, Nguyen MT, Nguyen TV. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Percent Body Fat in Vietnamese: Implications for the Diagnosis of Obesity. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0127198. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127198
27. Tang J, Zhao S, Yu S, Chi C, Ji H, Xiong J, Teliewubai J, Fan X, Maimaitiaili R, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Association between hypertension-mediated organ damage and obesity defined by novel anthropometric indices in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(6):4473-4480. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.035.
28. Jiang N, Zhang S, Chu J, Yang N, Lu M. Association between body roundness index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease detected by Fibroscan in America. J Clin Lab Anal. 2023;37(19-20):e24973. doi: 10.1002/jcla.24973.
29. Murai N, Saito N, Oka R, Nii S, Nishikawa H, Suzuki A, Kodama E, Iida T, Mikura K, Imai H, Hashizume M, Tadokoro R, Sugisawa C, Iizaka T, Otsuka F, Ishibashi S, Nagasaka S. Body Roundness Index Is Better Correlated with Insulin Sensitivity than Body Shape Index in Young and Middle-Aged Japanese Persons. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2024;22(2):151-159. doi: 10.1089/met.2023.0175.
30. Wu M, Yu X, Xu L, Wu S, Tian Y. Associations of longitudinal trajectories in body roundness index with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022;115(3):671-678. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab412.
31. Zhou D, Liu X, Huang Y, Feng Y. A nonlinear association between body roundness index and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in general population. Public Health Nutr. 2022;25(11):3008-3015. doi:10.1017/S1368980022001768
32. Liu Y, Liu X, Guan H, et al. Body roundness index is a superior obesity index in predicting diabetes risk among hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study in China. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:736073. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.736073
2. Vietnam Ministry of Health. Vietnam Joint annual health review 2014. Strengthening prevention and control of non-communicable disease. Hanoi, Vietnam: Vietnam Ministry of Health; 2015.
3. Ly KA, Ton TG, Ngo QV, Vo TT, Fitzpatrick AL. Double burden: a cross-sectional survey assessing factors associated with underweight and overweight status in Danang, Vietnam. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:35.
4. General Department of Preventive Medicine. National survey on the risk factors of non-communicable diseases (STEPS) Viet Nam 2015. Hanoi: Vietnam Ministry of Health; 2016. https://extranet.who.int/ ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/590/download/4309. Accessed December 1, 2024.
5. Vu LTH, Bui QTT, Khuong LQ, et al. Trend of metabolic risk factors among the population aged 25-64 years for non-communicable diseases over time in Vietnam: A time series analysis using national STEPs survey data. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1045202. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1045202.
6. Ramírez-Manent JI, López-González ÁA, Tomás-Gil P, et al. Relationship between Abdominal Volume Index and Body Adiposity Index and Scales of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(21)doi:10.3390/diagnostics13213356
7. Lee SW, Son JY, Kim JM, Hwang SS, Han JS, Heo NJ. Body fat distribution is more predictive of all-cause mortality than overall adiposity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(1):141-147. doi:10.1111/dom.13050.
8. Thomas DM, Bredlau C, Bosy-Westphal A, et al. Relationships between body roundness with body fat and visceral adipose tissue emerging from a new geometrical model. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(11):2264-2271. doi:10.1002/oby.20408.
9. Zhang X, Ma N, Lin Q, et al. Body Roundness Index and All-Cause Mortality Among US Adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(6):e2415051. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15051.
10. WHO Consultation on Obesity (1997:Geneva, Switzerland), World Health Organization. Division of Noncommunicable Diseases & World Health Organization. Programme of Nutrition, Family and Reproductive Health. (1998). Obeisty: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva, 3-5 June 1997. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/63854
11. WHO/IASO/IOTF. (2000) The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Health Communications Australia Pty Limited. http://www.wpro.who.int/nutrition/documents/docs/Redefiningobesity.pdf
12. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025; 48 (S1): S27–S49. doi:10.2337/dc25-S002
13. Borga M, West J, Bell JD, et al. Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling. Journal of investigative medicine: the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research. 2018;66(5):1-9. doi:10.1136/jim-2018-000722.
14. Health American Medical Association Council on Science and Public. Report 07 of the Council on Science and Public Health (A-23): Support removal of BMI as a standard measure in medicine and recognizing culturally-diverse and varied presentations of eating disorders and indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (reference committee D). 2023. https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/a23-csaph07.pdf.
15. Wang Jiantian, Thornton John, Russell M, et al. Asians have lower body mass index (BMI) but higher percent body fat than do whites: Comparisons of anthropometric measurements. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 1994;60:23-8. doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.1.23.
16. Deurenberg-Yap M, Chew SK, Lin VF, et al. Relationships between indices of obesity and its co-morbidities in multi-ethnic Singapore. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2001;25(10):1554-62. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801739.
17. Chang C. J., Wu C. H., Chang C. S., et al. Low body mass index but high percent body fat in Taiwanese subjects: implications of obesity cutoffs. International Journal of Obesity. 2003;27(2):253-259. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.802197.
18. Dang AK, Truong MT, Le HT, Nguyen KC, Le MB, Nguyen LT, Do KN, Nguyen LHT, Mamun AA, Phung D, et al. Anthropometric Cut-Off Values for Detecting the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Multiple Components among Adults in Vietnam: The Role of Novel Indices. Nutrients. 2022; 14(19):4024. Doi:10.3390/nu14194024.
19. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025; 48 (S1): S27–S49. doi:10.2337/dc25-S002.
20. Aayush Visaria, Trisha Sindhu, Tina Dharamdasani, OR10-01 Discordance Between Body Mass Index and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Based Adiposity Measures Among United States Adults. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2023;7(S1):bvad114.007.doi:10.1210/jendso/bvad114.007.
21. Visaria A, Setoguchi S. Body mass index and all-cause mortality in a 21st century U.S. population: A National Health Interview Survey analysis. PLOS ONE. 2023; 18(7): e0287218. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287218
22. Rico-Martín S, Calderón-García JF, Sánchez-Rey P, Franco-Antonio C, Martínez Alvarez M, Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero JF. Effectiveness of body roundness index in predicting metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2020;21(7):e13023. doi: 10.1111/obr.13023.
23. Calderón-García JF, Roncero-Martín R, Rico-Martín S, et al. Effectiveness of Body Roundness Index (BRI) and a Body Shape Index (ABSI) in Predicting Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):11607. doi:10.3390/ijerph182111607.
24. Li G, Yao T, Wu XW, Cao Z, Tu YC, Ma Y, Li BN, Peng QY, Wu B, Hou J. Novel and traditional anthropometric indices for identifying arterial stiffness in overweight and obese adults. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(3):893-900. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.029.
25. Yang Man, Liu Jia, Shen Qian, et al. Body Roundness Index Trajectories and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. American Heart Association. 2024;13(19):e034768. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.034768
26. Ho-Pham LT, Lai TQ, Nguyen MT, Nguyen TV. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Percent Body Fat in Vietnamese: Implications for the Diagnosis of Obesity. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0127198. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127198
27. Tang J, Zhao S, Yu S, Chi C, Ji H, Xiong J, Teliewubai J, Fan X, Maimaitiaili R, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Association between hypertension-mediated organ damage and obesity defined by novel anthropometric indices in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(6):4473-4480. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.035.
28. Jiang N, Zhang S, Chu J, Yang N, Lu M. Association between body roundness index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease detected by Fibroscan in America. J Clin Lab Anal. 2023;37(19-20):e24973. doi: 10.1002/jcla.24973.
29. Murai N, Saito N, Oka R, Nii S, Nishikawa H, Suzuki A, Kodama E, Iida T, Mikura K, Imai H, Hashizume M, Tadokoro R, Sugisawa C, Iizaka T, Otsuka F, Ishibashi S, Nagasaka S. Body Roundness Index Is Better Correlated with Insulin Sensitivity than Body Shape Index in Young and Middle-Aged Japanese Persons. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2024;22(2):151-159. doi: 10.1089/met.2023.0175.
30. Wu M, Yu X, Xu L, Wu S, Tian Y. Associations of longitudinal trajectories in body roundness index with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022;115(3):671-678. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab412.
31. Zhou D, Liu X, Huang Y, Feng Y. A nonlinear association between body roundness index and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in general population. Public Health Nutr. 2022;25(11):3008-3015. doi:10.1017/S1368980022001768
32. Liu Y, Liu X, Guan H, et al. Body roundness index is a superior obesity index in predicting diabetes risk among hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study in China. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:736073. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.736073