FACTORS INFLUENCING FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION IN SOME COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE AND VIETNAM
Main Article Content
Abstract
Although clear recommendations exist regarding the consumption of fruits and vegetables for health benefits, consumption levels in countries around the world remain low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Numerous valuable studies have shown that personal economic factors are among the main barriers affecting fruit and vegetable consumption, especially affordability for individuals in low-income groups. Additionally, age, gender, and educational level have varying impacts on fruit and vegetable consumption behaviors. This paper employs a literature review method to synthesize and analyze scientific information regarding the factors influencing fruit and vegetable consumption in various countries, including Vietnam. The information obtained will serve as a reference for developing activities, intervention programs, and support policies to reduce barriers and increase fruit and vegetable consumption among the target population.
Article Details
Keywords
consumption
References
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25. Frank SM, Webster J, McKenzie B, et al. Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables Among Individuals 15 Years and Older in 28 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Nutr. 2019;149(7):1252-1259. doi:10.1093/jn/nxz040
26. Viện Dinh dưỡng BY tế. Tổng điều tra dinh dưỡng 2019 - 2020. Một số kết quả chính. Viện Dinh dưỡng; 2021:42.
27. Ministry of Health. National Survey on the Risk Factors of Non-Communicalbe Diseases (STEPS) Vietnam, 2015.; 2016:118. http://www.who.int/chp/steps/VietNam_2015_STEPS_Report.pdf?ua=1
28. Drewnowski A. The Economics of Food Choice Behavior: Why Poverty and Obesity Are Linked. Obes Treat Prev New Dir. 2012;73:95-112. doi:10.1159/000341303
29. Affret A, Severi G, Dow C, et al. Socio-economic factors associated with an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption: a 12-year study in women from the E3N-EPIC study. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(4):740-755. doi:10.1017/S1368980017003196
30. Grimm KA, Foltz JL, Blanck HM, Scanlon KS. Household Income Disparities in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by State and Territory: Results of the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(12):2014-2021. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.08.030
31. Hernández-Vásquez A, Visconti Lopez FJ, Vargas-Fernández R. Socio-economic inequalities in the consumption of fruits and vegetables in Peru between 2014 and 2019. Public Health Nutr. 25(12):3527-3537. doi:10.1017/S1368980022001860
32. Li L, Ouyang Y, Wang H, et al. Disparities in fresh fruit and vegetable intake by sociodemographic and behavioural factors among adults in China. Public Health Nutr. 2022;25(3):649-656. doi:10.1017/S1368980020003274
33. Bel-Serrat S, von der Schulenburg A, Marques-Previ M, Mullee A, Murrin C. What are the determinants of vegetable intake among adolescents from socioeconomically disadvantaged urban areas? A systematic review of qualitative studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022;19. doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01396-9
34. Jenneson V, Clarke GP, Greenwood DC, et al. Exploring the Geographic Variation in Fruit and Vegetable Purchasing Behaviour Using Supermarket Transaction Data. Nutrients. 2022;14(1):177. doi:10.3390/nu14010177
35. Diendéré J, Somé JW, Kaboré J, et al. Geographical and sociodemographic disparities in fruit and vegetables consumption among adults in Burkina Faso: baseline results from the 2013 WHO STEPS survey. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2245. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17118-0
36. Amini M, Najafi F, Kazemi Karyani A, Pasdar Y, Samadi M, Moradinazar M. Does socioeconomic status affect fruit and vegetable intake? Evidence from a cross-sectional analysis of the RaNCD Cohort. Int J Fruit Sci. 2021;21(1):779-790. doi:10.1080/15538362.2021.1932692
37. Emanuel AS, McCully SN, Gallagher KM, Updegraff JA. Theory of Planned Behavior Explains Gender Difference in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Appetite. 2012;59(3):693-697. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.007
38. Feraco A, Armani A, Amoah I, et al. Assessing gender differences in food preferences and physical activity: a population-based survey. Front Nutr. 2024;11. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1348456
39. Stea TH, Nordheim O, Bere E, Stornes P, Eikemo TA. Fruit and vegetable consumption in Europe according to gender, educational attainment and regional affiliation—A cross-sectional study in 21 European countries. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0232521. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232521
40. Horino M, Liu SY, Lee EY, Kawachi I, Pabayo R. State-level income inequality and the odds for meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations among US adults. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(9):e0238577. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238577
41. Carroll BT, McNaughton SA, Parker KE, Marchese LE, Livingstone KM. Identifying the barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption in rural Australian adults: a mixed methods analysis. Nutr J. 2024;23(1):69. doi:10.1186/s12937-024-00972-y
42. Vogt T, Gustafsson PE. Disparities in fruit and vegetable intake at the intersection of gender and education in northern Sweden: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr. 2022;8(1):147. doi:10.1186/s40795-022-00641-5
43. Mustafa S, Haque CE, Baksi S. Low Daily Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Rural and Urban Bangladesh: Influence of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors, Social Food Beliefs and Behavioural Practices. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2808. doi:10.3390/nu13082808
44. Hirvonen K, Bai Y, Headey D, Masters WA. Affordability of the EAT–Lancet reference diet: a global analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(1):e59-e66. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30447-4
45. Kanungsukkasem U, Ng N, Van Minh H, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption in rural adults population in INDEPTH HDSS sites in Asia. Glob Health Action. 2009;2. doi:10.3402/gha.v2i0.1988
46. Mergenthaler M, Weinberger K, Qaim M. The food system transformation in developing countries: A disaggregate demand analysis for fruits and vegetables in Vietnam. Food Policy. 2009;34:426-436. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.03.009
47. Kurfürst S. Urban Gardening and Rural-Urban Supply Chains: Reassessing Images of the Urban and the Rural in Northern Vietnam. In: Ehlert J, Faltmann NK, eds. Food Anxiety in Globalising Vietnam. Springer; 2019:205-232. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0743-0_7
48. Lê Thị Anh, HOÀNG THỊ THANH TÂM, PHẠM THỊ HƯƠNG HUYỀN. Hành vi mua rau an toàn của người dân thành thị. Tạp Chí Công Thương. Published online 2020. Accessed July 26, 2023. https://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-viet/hanh-vi-mua-rau-an-toan-cua-nguoi-dan-thanh-thi-trong-dieu-kien-thong-tin-bat-doi-xung-truong-hop-dia-ban-ha-noi-69231.htm
49. Bell W, Coates J, Fanzo J, Wilson NLW, Masters WA. Beyond price and income: Preferences and food values in peri-urban Viet Nam. Appetite. 2021;166:105439. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105439
50. Agriculture | Free Full-Text | Diets, Food Choices and Environmental Impacts across an Urban-Rural Interface in Northern Vietnam | HTML. Agric 2021. 2021;11(2)(137). doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020137
51. Bairagi S, Mohanty S, Baruah S, Thi HT. Changing food consumption patterns in rural and urban Vietnam: Implications for a future food supply system. Aust J Agric Resour Econ. 2020;64(3):750-775. doi:10.1111/1467-8489.12363
52. Mai H, Shakur S, Pham Do KH. Regional Differences in Willingness to Pay for Organic Vegetables in Vietnam.; 2018.
53. Giacomuzzo B, Ngo MH, Ha TM, et al. Determinants of the intention to increase vegetable consumption in Vietnam and Switzerland. J Agric Food Res. 2024;15:100998. doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.100998
2. WHO. WHO | Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases
Report of the Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. WHO; 2003:149. Accessed December 3, 2020. https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/trs916/download/en/
3. Rodriguez-Casado A. The Health Potential of Fruits and Vegetables Phytochemicals: Notable Examples. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(7):1097-1107. doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.755149
4. Darnton-Hill I, Webb P, Harvey PWJ, et al. Micronutrient deficiencies and gender: social and economic costs. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(5):1198S-1205S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.5.1198
5. Ekwaru JP, Ohinmaa A, Loehr S, Setayeshgar S, Thanh NX, Veugelers PJ. The economic burden of inadequate consumption of vegetables and fruit in Canada. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(3):515-523. doi:10.1017/S1368980016002846
6. Miller V, Yusuf S, Chow CK, et al. Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4(10):e695-703. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30186-3
7. FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020. FAO; 2020:287. Accessed December 5, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692en
8. Brouwer I, van Liere M, Brauw A, et al. Reverse thinking: taking a healthy diet perspective towards food systems transformations. Food Secur. 2021;13. doi:10.1007/s12571-021-01204-5
9. Beal T, Morris SS, Tumilowicz A. Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-Food Consumption: A Meta-Analysis of Global School-Based Student Health Surveys. Food Nutr Bull. 2019;40(4):444-459. doi:10.1177/0379572119848287
10. World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Điều tra quốc gia các yếu tố nguy cơ bệnh không lây nhiễm tại Việt Nam, 2021.; 2023:100.
11. Van DT, Herforth AW, Trinh HT, et al. Cost and affordability of healthy diets in Vietnam. Public Health Nutr. 27(1):e3. doi:10.1017/S1368980023002665
12. Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, et al. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet. 2019;393(10170):447-492. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4
13. Herforth A, Ahmed S. The food environment, its effects on dietary consumption, and potential for measurement within agriculture-nutrition interventions. Food Secur. 2015;7(3):505-520. doi:10.1007/s12571-015-0455-8
14. Scott P. Global panel on agriculture and food systems for nutrition: food systems and diets: facing the challenges of the 21st century: London, UK, 2016 (ISBN 978-0-9956228-0-7), 132pp. http://glopan.org/sites/default/files/ForesightReport.pdf. Food Secur. 2017;9. doi:10.1007/s12571-017-0678-y
15. Glasson C, Chapman K, James E. Fruit and vegetables should be targeted separately in health promotion programmes: differences in consumption levels, barriers, knowledge and stages of readiness for change. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(4):694-701. doi:10.1017/S1368980010001643
16. Pollard C, Miller M, Woodman RJ, Meng R, Binns C. Changes in Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors Related to Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Western Australian Adults from 1995 to 2004. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(2):355-361. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.131367
17. WHO. Global Action Plan for the Preventation and Control of Noncommunicalbe Diseases 2013 - 2020.; 2013. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/94384/9789241506236_eng.pdf?sequence=1
18. Eight key recommendations from Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022)----Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed August 13, 2024. https://en.chinacdc.cn/health_topics/nutrition_health/202206/t20220616_259702.html
19. Kurotani K, Akter S, Kashino I, et al. Quality of diet and mortality among Japanese men and women: Japan Public Health Center based prospective study. BMJ. 2016;352:i1209. doi:10.1136/bmj.i1209
20. Nakamura T. Nutritional policies and dietary guidelines in Japan. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(3):452-454.
21. Food-based dietary guidelines - Kenya. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 28, 2021. http://www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-dietary-guidelines/regions/kenya/en/
22. Food-based dietary guidelines - Canada. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 8, 2021. http://www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-dietary-guidelines/regions/canada/en/
23. Food-Based Dietary Guidelines recommendations for fruit and vegetables | Knowledge for policy. Accessed August 12, 2024. https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/health-promotion-knowledge-gateway/food-based-dietary-guidelines-europe-table-3_en
24. Tháp Dinh dưỡng hợp lý cho người trưởng thành (giai đoạn 2016 - 2020) - Mức tiêu thụ trung bình cho một người trong một ngày. Accessed October 7, 2024. https://viendinhduong.vn/vi/dinh-duong-hop-ly/thap-dinh-duong-hop-ly-cho-nguoi-truong-thanh-giai-doan-2016---2020---muc-tieu-thu-trung-binh-cho-mot-nguoi-trong-mot-ngay.html
25. Frank SM, Webster J, McKenzie B, et al. Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables Among Individuals 15 Years and Older in 28 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Nutr. 2019;149(7):1252-1259. doi:10.1093/jn/nxz040
26. Viện Dinh dưỡng BY tế. Tổng điều tra dinh dưỡng 2019 - 2020. Một số kết quả chính. Viện Dinh dưỡng; 2021:42.
27. Ministry of Health. National Survey on the Risk Factors of Non-Communicalbe Diseases (STEPS) Vietnam, 2015.; 2016:118. http://www.who.int/chp/steps/VietNam_2015_STEPS_Report.pdf?ua=1
28. Drewnowski A. The Economics of Food Choice Behavior: Why Poverty and Obesity Are Linked. Obes Treat Prev New Dir. 2012;73:95-112. doi:10.1159/000341303
29. Affret A, Severi G, Dow C, et al. Socio-economic factors associated with an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption: a 12-year study in women from the E3N-EPIC study. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(4):740-755. doi:10.1017/S1368980017003196
30. Grimm KA, Foltz JL, Blanck HM, Scanlon KS. Household Income Disparities in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by State and Territory: Results of the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(12):2014-2021. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.08.030
31. Hernández-Vásquez A, Visconti Lopez FJ, Vargas-Fernández R. Socio-economic inequalities in the consumption of fruits and vegetables in Peru between 2014 and 2019. Public Health Nutr. 25(12):3527-3537. doi:10.1017/S1368980022001860
32. Li L, Ouyang Y, Wang H, et al. Disparities in fresh fruit and vegetable intake by sociodemographic and behavioural factors among adults in China. Public Health Nutr. 2022;25(3):649-656. doi:10.1017/S1368980020003274
33. Bel-Serrat S, von der Schulenburg A, Marques-Previ M, Mullee A, Murrin C. What are the determinants of vegetable intake among adolescents from socioeconomically disadvantaged urban areas? A systematic review of qualitative studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022;19. doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01396-9
34. Jenneson V, Clarke GP, Greenwood DC, et al. Exploring the Geographic Variation in Fruit and Vegetable Purchasing Behaviour Using Supermarket Transaction Data. Nutrients. 2022;14(1):177. doi:10.3390/nu14010177
35. Diendéré J, Somé JW, Kaboré J, et al. Geographical and sociodemographic disparities in fruit and vegetables consumption among adults in Burkina Faso: baseline results from the 2013 WHO STEPS survey. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2245. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17118-0
36. Amini M, Najafi F, Kazemi Karyani A, Pasdar Y, Samadi M, Moradinazar M. Does socioeconomic status affect fruit and vegetable intake? Evidence from a cross-sectional analysis of the RaNCD Cohort. Int J Fruit Sci. 2021;21(1):779-790. doi:10.1080/15538362.2021.1932692
37. Emanuel AS, McCully SN, Gallagher KM, Updegraff JA. Theory of Planned Behavior Explains Gender Difference in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Appetite. 2012;59(3):693-697. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.007
38. Feraco A, Armani A, Amoah I, et al. Assessing gender differences in food preferences and physical activity: a population-based survey. Front Nutr. 2024;11. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1348456
39. Stea TH, Nordheim O, Bere E, Stornes P, Eikemo TA. Fruit and vegetable consumption in Europe according to gender, educational attainment and regional affiliation—A cross-sectional study in 21 European countries. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0232521. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232521
40. Horino M, Liu SY, Lee EY, Kawachi I, Pabayo R. State-level income inequality and the odds for meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations among US adults. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(9):e0238577. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238577
41. Carroll BT, McNaughton SA, Parker KE, Marchese LE, Livingstone KM. Identifying the barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption in rural Australian adults: a mixed methods analysis. Nutr J. 2024;23(1):69. doi:10.1186/s12937-024-00972-y
42. Vogt T, Gustafsson PE. Disparities in fruit and vegetable intake at the intersection of gender and education in northern Sweden: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr. 2022;8(1):147. doi:10.1186/s40795-022-00641-5
43. Mustafa S, Haque CE, Baksi S. Low Daily Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Rural and Urban Bangladesh: Influence of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors, Social Food Beliefs and Behavioural Practices. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2808. doi:10.3390/nu13082808
44. Hirvonen K, Bai Y, Headey D, Masters WA. Affordability of the EAT–Lancet reference diet: a global analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(1):e59-e66. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30447-4
45. Kanungsukkasem U, Ng N, Van Minh H, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption in rural adults population in INDEPTH HDSS sites in Asia. Glob Health Action. 2009;2. doi:10.3402/gha.v2i0.1988
46. Mergenthaler M, Weinberger K, Qaim M. The food system transformation in developing countries: A disaggregate demand analysis for fruits and vegetables in Vietnam. Food Policy. 2009;34:426-436. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.03.009
47. Kurfürst S. Urban Gardening and Rural-Urban Supply Chains: Reassessing Images of the Urban and the Rural in Northern Vietnam. In: Ehlert J, Faltmann NK, eds. Food Anxiety in Globalising Vietnam. Springer; 2019:205-232. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0743-0_7
48. Lê Thị Anh, HOÀNG THỊ THANH TÂM, PHẠM THỊ HƯƠNG HUYỀN. Hành vi mua rau an toàn của người dân thành thị. Tạp Chí Công Thương. Published online 2020. Accessed July 26, 2023. https://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-viet/hanh-vi-mua-rau-an-toan-cua-nguoi-dan-thanh-thi-trong-dieu-kien-thong-tin-bat-doi-xung-truong-hop-dia-ban-ha-noi-69231.htm
49. Bell W, Coates J, Fanzo J, Wilson NLW, Masters WA. Beyond price and income: Preferences and food values in peri-urban Viet Nam. Appetite. 2021;166:105439. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105439
50. Agriculture | Free Full-Text | Diets, Food Choices and Environmental Impacts across an Urban-Rural Interface in Northern Vietnam | HTML. Agric 2021. 2021;11(2)(137). doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020137
51. Bairagi S, Mohanty S, Baruah S, Thi HT. Changing food consumption patterns in rural and urban Vietnam: Implications for a future food supply system. Aust J Agric Resour Econ. 2020;64(3):750-775. doi:10.1111/1467-8489.12363
52. Mai H, Shakur S, Pham Do KH. Regional Differences in Willingness to Pay for Organic Vegetables in Vietnam.; 2018.
53. Giacomuzzo B, Ngo MH, Ha TM, et al. Determinants of the intention to increase vegetable consumption in Vietnam and Switzerland. J Agric Food Res. 2024;15:100998. doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.100998