CAN THIỆP DINH DƯỠNG CHO PHỤ NỮ MANG THAI: CƠ HỘI DỰ PHÒNG BỆNH MẠN TÍNH KHÔNG LÂY

Abstract

Nutrition has an important role for pregnant women. Appropriate diet of the mother during pregnancy has a direct impact on the baby from a fetus until adulthood. In Vietnam, double burden is still affecting pregnant women. Malnutrition is still common in pregnant women. 19.6% of reproductive aged women suffer from chronic energy deficiency. Prevalence of anemia, iodine deficiency, and zinc deficiency is 36.5%, 72.8%, 34.6%. Malnutrition can cause severe consequences, such as birth defects, fetal malnourished babies, mortality, non-communicable chronic diseases in adulthood. The diet should provide sufficient recommended dietary allowance for energy, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and should ensure that maternal weight gain during pregnancy will be after the body mass index before pregnancy. Some micronutrients such as iron, folic acid are mandatory daily supplements because the demands increase during pregnancy. The fact that intrauterine growth retardation may predispose to nutrition-related chronic disease has serious implications for developing countries, particularly those undergoing rapid nutritional transition, as it may further increase the rates of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes when diets and lifestyles are in themselves "atherogenic". The challenge is for programmes to simultaneously combat apparently opposite nutrition problems, malnutrition and "over-nutrition". Improving the nutrition of women is even more imperative when considering that it may contribute to preventing chronic diseases in the next generation, in addition to enhancing health and survival of mothers and children.