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EFFECTS OF A CALCIUM-, VITAMIN D3-, AND VITAMIN K2-ENRICHED NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT ON VITAMIN D STATUS AND BONE TURNOVER MARKERS IN MIDLIFE WOMEN WORKING AT THONG NHAT HOSPITAL
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Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the effects of 12-week supplementation with a nutritional product containing calcium, vitamin D3, and vitamin K2 on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], β-CrossLaps (β-CTX), and bone mineral density (BMD) in midlife women.Methods: This open-label randomized controlled trial included 120 women aged 40–60 years without osteoporosis. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received 400 mL/day of a nutritional supplement containing 900 mg calcium, 800 IU vitamin D3, and 44.8 μg vitamin K2, or the control group for 12 weeks. The primary analysis was performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline values. Sensitivity and supplementary analyses were conducted to assess the consistency of the findings.
Results: After 12 weeks, the intervention group had a 2.49 ng/mL higher 25-OH vitamin D concentration than the control group (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 2.49 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.17–3.81, p<0.001). β-CTX decreased by 5.6%, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (geometric mean ratio: 0.944, 95% CI: 0.830–1.074, p=0.379), and no significant between-group differences were observed in bone mineral density or T-scores. However, the intervention group had higher proportions of participants achieving a ≥20% reduction in β-CTX and improvement in vitamin D status compared with the control group (p<0.05). Mediation analysis suggested that the effect of the intervention on β-CTX may be mediated by the increase in 25-OH vitamin D concentration.
Conclusion: Twelve-week supplementation with a nutritional product containing calcium, vitamin D3, and vitamin K2 significantly improved vitamin D status in midlife women and may have the potential to reduce bone resorption through improvement in vitamin D status.
Keywords
Midlife women, calcium, vitamin D3, vitamin K2, β-CrossLaps.
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