KHẨU PHẦN CỦA PHỤ NỮ MANG THAI MẮC ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG THAI KỲ TẠI KHOA SẢN, BỆNH VIỆN A THÁI NGUYÊN NĂM 2025

Abstract

Aims: To assess the 24-hour dietary intake of pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at the Obstetrics Department, Thai Nguyen Hospital A, Thai Nguyen Province, in 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 52 pregnant women with GDM at the studied hospital. The 24-hour dietary recall method was employed to collect data on all foods, dishes, and beverages consumed within the previous 24 hours. Reported cooked food quantities were converted into raw edible ingredients using the National Institute of Nutrition’s 2007 Food Weight Conversion Table to estimate food consumption and nutrient composition.

Results: The mean total daily energy intake of the pregnant women was 2753.8 ± 248.3 kcal/day, corresponding to 114.3% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The macronutrient distribution (protein: lipid: carbohydrate) was 16:23:61. Notable deficiencies were observed in calcium (57.8% of recommended intake) and folic acid (2.3%). In contrast, sodium intake reached 152.5%. 

Conclusion: The actual dietary intake of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus at Thai Nguyen Hospital A, showed several inadequacies compared with nutritional recommendations: a relatively high mean energy intake, most individuals failed to meet requirements when assessed at the individual level. The diet was imbalanced, characterized by a carbohydrate-heavy pattern, substantial deficiencies in key micronutrients such as folic acid and calcium, and excessive sodium intake. The findings highlight the need for individualized nutritional counseling and regular dietary monitoring in pregnant women with GDM.