YOGA VÀ HÀNH VI ĂN UỐNG THEO CẢM XÚC: GÓC NHÌN TỪ CƠ CHẾ THẦN KINH - NỘI TIẾT VÀ CHUYỂN HOÁ
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
Mục tiêu: Tổng hợp và phân tích các bằng chứng khoa học về vai trò của Yoga cổ điển (bao gồm Asana, Pranayama và Thiền định) trong việc điều hòa các hormon kiểm soát sự thèm ăn (Ghrelin, Leptin, Adiponectin), cũng như ảnh hưởng của các hormon này đối với hành vi ăn uống theo cảm xúc (Emotional Eating - EE) ở người trưởng thành.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp tổng quan mô tả, dữ liệu được thu thập từ các cơ sở dữ liệu học thuật uy tín như PubMed, ScienceDirect và Google Scholar trong 10 năm, giai đoạn 2014-2024. Các tiêu chí lựa chọn tập trung vào các nghiên cứu can thiệp Yoga cổ điển, các bài đánh giá hệ thống liên quan đến cơ chế nội tiết của Yoga đối với trục HPA (Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal axis – trục Hạ đồi – Tuyến yên – Tuyến thượng thận, hệ thống điều hòa đáp ứng stress trung tâm của cơ thể) và các hormon chuyển hóa ở người trưởng thành hoặc đối tượng có hành vi ăn uống theo cảm xúc.
Kết quả: Các bằng chứng cho thấy Yoga cổ điển giúp giảm nồng độ Cortisol thông qua việc điều hòa trục HPA và hệ thần kinh tự chủ, từ đó làm giảm tín hiệu kích thích cảm giác đói giả, không phải các cơn đói cảm giác. Cụ thể, thực hành Yoga đều đặn giúp tăng nồng độ Leptin và Adiponectin (hormon báo no và chống viêm), đồng thời giảm nồng độ Ghrelin (hormon gây đói), giúp cải thiện khả năng tự điều chỉnh hành vi ăn uống và giảm các cơn thèm ăn do căng thẳng.
Kết luận: Yoga cổ điển không chỉ là một phương pháp rèn luyện thể chất mà còn là một phương án can thiệp tiềm năng trong việc điều chỉnh rối loạn nội tiết liên quan đến hành vi ăn uống. Việc tích hợp Yoga vào lối sống hằng ngày có thể giúp cá nhân kiểm soát hành vi ăn uống theo cảm xúc một cách bền vững thông qua cơ chế cân bằng hormon và tăng cường nhận thức nội quan.
Từ khóa
Yoga cổ điển, Ghrelin, Leptin, Adiponectin, ăn uống do cảm xúc, trục HPA, nội tiết.
Chi tiết bài viết
Tài liệu tham khảo
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7. Carei TR, Fyfe-Johnson AL, Breuner CC, Brown MA. Randomized controlled clinical trial of yoga in the treatment of eating disorders. J Adolesc Health. 2010 Apr;46(4):346-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.007.
8. Chao AM, Jastreboff AM, White MA, Grilo CM, Sinha R. Stress, cortisol, and other appetite-related hormones: Prospective prediction of 6-month changes in food cravings and weight. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 Apr;25(4):713-720. doi: 10.1002/oby.21790.
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10. Sominsky L, Spencer SJ. Eating behavior and stress: a pathway to obesity. Front Psychol. 2014 May 13;5:434. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00434.
11. Yu AP, Ugwu FN, Tam BT, Lee PH, Lai CW, et al. One Year of Yoga Training Alters Ghrelin Axis in Centrally Obese Adults With Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol. 2018 Sep 20;9:1321. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01321.
12. Chao AM, Jastreboff AM, White MA, Grilo CM, Sinha R. Stress, cortisol, and other appetite-related hormones: Prospective prediction of 6-month changes in food cravings and weight. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 Apr;25(4):713-720. doi: 10.1002/oby.21790.
13. Shimizu R, Suzuki H, Amitani M, Amitani H. The Effects of Yoga on Key Adipocytokines in Obesity: A Narrative Review of Leptin and Adiponectin. Cureus. 2025 Jan 2;17(1):e76792. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76792.
14. Papargyri P, Zapanti E, Salakos N, Papargyris L, et al. Links between HPA axis and adipokines: clinical implications in paradigms of stress-related disorders. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Nov;13(6):317-332. doi: 10.1080/17446651.2018.1543585.
15. Gruzdeva O, Borodkina D, Uchasova E, Dyleva Y, Barbarash O. Leptin resistance: underlying mechanisms and diagnosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019 Jan 25;12:191-198. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S182406.
16. Bouillon-Minois JB, Outrey J, Pereira B, Adeyemi OJ, Sapin V, et al. The Impact of Job-Demand-Control-Support on Leptin and Ghrelin as Biomarkers of Stress in Emergency Healthcare Workers. Nutrients. 2022 Nov 25;14(23):5009. doi: 10.3390/nu14235009.
17. Stern JH, Rutkowski JM, Scherer PE. Adiponectin, Leptin, and Fatty Acids in the Maintenance of Metabolic Homeostasis through Adipose Tissue Crosstalk. Cell Metab. 2016 May 10;23(5):770-84. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.011.
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19. Yau YH, Potenza MN. Stress and eating behaviors. Minerva Endocrinol. 2013 Sep;38(3):255-67. PMID: 24126546; PMCID: PMC4214609.
20. Godet A, Fortier A, Bannier E, Coquery N, Val-Laillet D. Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2022 Aug;23(4):807-831. doi: 10.1007/s11154-021-09700-x.
21. Giddens E, Noy B, Steward T, Verdejo-García A. The influence of stress on the neural underpinnings of disinhibited eating: a systematic review and future directions for research. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2023 Aug;24(4):713-734. doi: 10.1007/s11154-023-09814-4.
22. Eisenstein SA, Bischoff A, Gredysa D, Antenor-Dorsey JA, Koller JM, Al-Lozi A, et al. Emotional Eating Phenotype is Associated with Central Dopamine D2 Receptor Binding Independent of Body Mass Index. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11283. doi: 10.1038/srep11283.
23. Pursey KM, Stanwell P, Gearhardt AN, Collins CE, Burrows TL. The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2014 Oct 21;6(10):4552-90. doi: 10.3390/nu6104552.
24. Epel ES, Tomiyama AJ, Mason AE, Laraia BA, Hartman W, et al. The reward-based eating drive scale: a self-report index of reward-based eating. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 30;9(6):e101350. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101350.
25. Godet A, Fortier A, Bannier E, Coquery N, Val-Laillet D. Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2022 Aug;23(4):807-831. doi: 10.1007/s11154-021-09700-x.
26. Pascoe MC, Thompson DR, Ski CF. Yoga, mindfulness-based stress reduction and stress-related physiological measures: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017 Dec;86:152-168. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.08.008.
27. Cramer H, Langhorst J, Dobos G, Lauche R. Yoga for metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016 Dec;23(18):1982-1993. doi: 10.1177/2047487316665729.
28. Fasshauer M, Paschke R. Regulation of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. Diabetologia. 2003 Dec;46(12):1594-603. doi: 10.1007/s00125-003-1228-z.
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